Beyond Skyrim: Bruma is a true love letter to the fanbase and the franchise as a whole. The Beyond Skyrim team has done a brilliant job respecting the source material from Oblivion while tweaking the setting in ways that make sense. Quests include proper decision-making and further the mod's world-building. The soundtrack is superb. Bruma itself is a sight to behold in Skyrim's engine. If the entire Beyond Skyrim: Cyrodiil project lives up to the bar that Bruma set, Elder Scrolls fans are in for an incredible time once it releases. But for now, Bruma is more than good enough to warrant an install.
project aho not starting
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For entrepreneurs, attracting capital to finance their entrepreneurial dream is the most significant challenge and struggle, at least initially. A survey by the Kauffman Foundation stated that in 2014, 67% of the funding that drove the 5,000 fastest-growing firms listed by Inc. Magazine came from personal savings (Wiens and Bell-Masterson, 2015). According to the authors, other sources of entrepreneurial funding included family (20.9%), friends (7.5%), venture capitalists (6.5%), government grants (3.8%) and angel investors (7.7%). While these traditional sources of capital funding remain popular with entrepreneurs, the phenomenon of crowdfunding has introduced an alternative source of startup finance. Terry, Schwartz, and Sun (2015) reported that start-up financing through crowdfunding grew from $1.5 billion in 2011 to $10.0 billion in 2014. By 2017 Kaartemo (2017) estimated that the global crowdfunding industry was worth $34 billion and was projected to grow to $300 billion by 2025.
Mollick (2014) contends that crowdfunding now supports not only relatively small artistic and creative type efforts, but also a more extensive range of entrepreneurial projects. The concept in both cases is the same: Raise capital from a large number of contributors who put forth small contributions via the internet (Cornell, 2014). Crowdfunding has changed the sources traditionally utilized for funding new entrepreneurial ventures. Exhibit 2 displays the various facets of crowdfunding efforts.
Kickstarter reports that as of March 8, 2018, 140,135 projects have achieved successful funding, receiving pledges of $3.5 billion. 17,363 projects raised less than $1,000; 77,964 raised $1,000 to $9,999; 20,204 raised $10,000 to $19,999; 19,766 raised $20,000 to $99,999; 4,560 raised $100K to $999,999; and 278 raised $1 million (Stats, 2018). Exhibit three displays the percentage of projects successfully funded through Kickstarter as of March 8, 2018.
With only 14.1% of non-artistic type projects funded by Kickstarter.com (journalism, technology, and publishing), Kickstarter.com has become one of the go-to crowdfunding platforms for creative and artistic entrepreneurial ventures. As of March 8, 2018, exhibit four displays the number of Kickstarter projects successfully funded by category.
1) Kickstarter accepts backers from around the globe but initiating projects is available to individuals only from the U.S., UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Netherlands, Denmark, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Hong Kong, Singapore, Mexico and Japan who meet the site's terms of use (Creator Questions, n.d.). In contrast, Indiegogo considers itself an international crowdfunding site where an entrepreneur from anywhere in the world can raise money for a wide variety of projects (Moreau, 2018).
2) Indiegogo offers more project categories than does Kickstarter. Possibilities include: animals, art, comics, community, dance, design, education, environment, film, food, gaming, health, music, photography, politics, religion, small business, sports, technology, theater, transmedia, video, web and writing. Of the top 20 most-funded projects, the top 10 are either technology or design (Shopify, n.d.). Kickstarter is the largest crowdfunding platform for projects of a creative nature (Moreau, 2018).
4) Kickstarter requires the approval of an application that assures the campaign is about a project that falls under their categories. Indiegogo has no such application process. Anyone can initiate a campaign without approval. Create a campaign and get started (Moreau, 2018).
Most crowdfunding campaigns are not totally successful. Clifford (2016) stated that the majority of crowdfunding campaigns do not meet their monetary goals. Kickstarter reports a 36% success rate of reaching 100% of the funding goal (Stats, 2018). According to Clifford (2016), in 2015, Indiegogo achieved a 13% success rate with projects achieving 100% of their funding goal. Exhibit five displays the fully funded (100%) success rate of these two crowdfunding giants.
As of March 8, 2018, Kickstarter reports that 249,532 projects failed to achieve their funding goals, and 21.7% of Kickstarter projects finished their campaign without receiving even a single pledge (Stats, 2018). Several factors are attributable to the discrepancy between crowdfunding platform success rates. The funding model (fixed or flexible), restrictions regarding the type of project, length of the campaign, proper exposure by the platform of choice, the momentum behind the campaign, and the effective utilization of social media to promote the campaign (How likely is your crowdfunding campaign to succeed?, n.d.). Exhibit six displays the number of unsuccessfully funded Kickstarter projects by project category.
Cornell, J.C. (2014). Crowdfunding: More than money jumpstarting university entrepreneurship. National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance. Retrieved from -content/uploads/2013/10/CORNELL-2.pdf
Many aspects of design documents produced by architects and engineers do not contain the level of specificity or detail necessary to fabricate, assemble and construct all aspects of the project. This fine detailing is frequently left to the submittal process. Therefore, these aspects of design are not generated by the design professionals, but by the party engaged to effectuate the design. It is often suggested that this is a more efficient process since that level of detail is best done by people who work in the field and not at a drafting table.
The purpose of submittals then is to prevent misunderstanding or problems during construction projects. It is a time honored method by which a contractor indicates its understanding of the plans and specifications and its proposed approach to prosecuting the work in conformance with those plans and specifications. Once prepared by the contractor, the submittal is sent to the owner or the owner's designer for review and approval. Better to spot a deficiency or shortcoming in advance, so the theory goes, then to correct it after it has been installed. In practice, submittals are used to fulfill this purpose.
However, the legal significance of submittals, once approved, is less than perfectly clear. Most standard form contracts provide that even approved shop drawings do not become part of the "contract documents", i.e. those documents that define the responsibility of the contractor in building the project. So, if approved submittals are not part of the contract documents what exactly are they? And what if there is an inconsistency between the approved submittals and the underlying contract documents? Consider these scenarios:
Perhaps the best example of this concept is Nova Const., Inc. v. City of Olympia, 2017 WL 1382883(Wash. App. 2017) rev'd on other grounds, 191 Wash.2d 854 (Wash. 2018). In that case, the City of Olympia hired a contractor to replace a culvert. The contract required contractors to send submittals describing its plan for bypass pumping during construction. The city repeatedly rejected the contractor's submittals despite their apparent consistency with the contract documents. The contract required the engineer's approval as a prerequisite to starting work, and also provided that the city's decision to accept or reject a submittal was final. Because work could not proceed, the city eventually default terminated the contractor for failure to prosecute the work. The contractor filed suit against the city for breach of contract claiming that its handling of the submittal process was an effort to impose requirements which were not part of the contract's specifications. Ultimately, the court agreed with the contractor that the contract did not provide the city with an absolute right to reject all submittals for any reason and that implied in the contract was a duty to act in good faith toward the contractor. Because the city was rejecting submittals for no legitimate reason, it had breached the duty of good faith and fair dealing.
Given the nearly universal use of submittals on construction projects and the scarcity of case law analyzing their significance, it can fairly be concluded that the submittal process usually works well and achieves its intended purpose. That said, when the process goes awry, there may not be clear law to resolve the conflict. Court's seem to generally defer to the provisions in the underlying contract that specifically address the issue. But even then, form contracts sometimes have provisions that seem to conflict internally. Therefore, caution and attention to these issues is warranted at the drafting and bid stages to avoid controversy once the work is underway.
Aho Construction is a family run home building business. We are one of the top home builders in the State of Washington. Since starting our business in 1987, we have believed in thoughtful planning, quality craftsmanship, and we pride ourselves in providing great homes at sensible prices.
The project designation as the Torch Lake Superfund Site is a bit misleading, Aho noted. While Torch Lake is probably the largest cleanup challenge, the project actually included 13 sites around the Copper Country. Some stamp sand sites were not included in the project for a variety of reasons.
The biggest project was the Mason Sands along Torch Lake, he said. The most prominent, though smaller, was the Quincy Smelter site on the Portage Waterway in Hancock. Most sites have been fully delisted by EPA, though a few, such as the North Entry site across from McLain State Park, are still being monitored prior to delisting. 2ff7e9595c
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